Jumat, 02 Maret 2012

SA 321 Super Frelon ( Heli )

3/02/2012 04:40:00 PM Moch Fikri Hidayat No comments

Aérospatiale Super Frelon

SA 321 Super Frelon

A Super Frelon helicopter of the French Navy
Role	Heavy-lift military Transport helicopter
Manufacturer	Aérospatiale
First flight	7 December 1962
Introduction	1966
Primary user	French military
Number built	99
Variants	Avicopter AC313

The Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon is a three-engined heavy transport helicopter produced by Aérospatiale of France. The helicopter is still in use in China where the locally produced version is known as the Z-8. "Frelon" is French for hornet.

Development

The SA-3210 Super Frelon was developed by Sud-Aviation from the original SE-3200 Frelon. Sikorsky was contracted to supply the design of a new six-bladed rotor and five-bladed tail rotor. Fiat supplied a design for a new main transmission. The first flight of the Super Frelon was December 7, 1962. A modified prototype Super Frelon helicopter was used on July 23, 1963 to break the FAI absolute helicopter world speed record with a speed of 217.7 mph.^[1]
Both civilian and military versions of the Super Frelon were built, with the military variants being the most numerous by far, entering service with the French military as well as being exported to Israel, South Africa, Libya, China and Iraq.
Three military variants were produced: military transport, anti-submarine and anti-ship.
The transport version is able to carry 38 equipped troops, or alternatively 15 stretchers for casualty evacuation tasks.
The Naval anti-submarine and anti-ship variants are usually equipped with a navigation and search radar (ORB-42), and a 50 metre rescue cable. They are most often fitted with a 20 mm cannon, counter-measures, night vision, a laser designator and a Personal Locator System. It can also be refueled in flight.

Operational history

People's Republic of China

A Z-8KH of PLAAF

China acquired 13 Super Frelon SA321 naval helicopters in 1977-78. These helicopters came in two variants: anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and search and rescue (SAR) variant. The Super Frelon was the first helicopter of the PLA to be capable of operating from the flight deck of surface vessels. China also produces the Super Frelon locally under the designation Z-8 (land or ship based ASW/SAR helicopter). The Super Frelon remains operational with the PLA Navy today.
Since the early 1980s, the Super Frelons have been frequently used by the PLAN for shipborne ASW and SAR operations. For ASW mission, Z-8 is equipped with a surface search radar, French HS-12 dipping sonar while carrying a Whitehead A244S torpedo under the starboard side of the fuselage. They were also used to ferry supplies from replenishment ship to surface combatants, and transport marine troops from the landing ship to the shore. A naval SAR version called Z-8S with upgraded avionics and a searchlight, FLIR turret and a hoist flew on December 2004. Another rescue variant with dedicated medivac equipment onboard was also developed for the Navy as Z-8JH.
Z-8A version was developed as an army transport version and certified in February 1999. Two Z-8As were delivered to the Army for evaluation in 2001 but the Army decided to purchase more Mi-17V5s. Only one batch of about 6 Z-8A were delivered to the Army in November 2002, with the nose weather radar and side floats retained. Starting in 2007 PLAAF also acquired dozens of upgraded Z-8Ks and Z-8KAs for SAR missions, equipped with an FLIR turret and a searchlight underneath the cabin plus a hoist and a flare dispenser.
China also developed a domestic civil helicopter variant of Z-8, the Avicopter AC313. The AC313 has a maximum takeoff weight of 13.8 tonnes and can carry 27 passengers, It has a maximum range of 900km (559 miles).^[2]

France

In October 1965 SA321G ASW helicopter joined the French Aeronavale. Apart from ship-based ASW missions, the SA321G also carried out sanitisation patrols in support of Redoutable class ballistic missile submarines. Some were modified with nose-mounted targeting radar for Exocet anti-ship missiles. Five SA321GA freighters, originally used in support of the Pacific nuclear test centre, were transferred to assault support duties.
In 2003, the surviving Aeronavale Super Frelons are assigned to transport duties including commando transport, VertRep and SAR.
The SA321G Super Frelon served with Flottile 32F of the French Aviation navale, operating from Lanvéoc-Poulmic in Brittany in the Search and rescue role. They were retired on 30 April 2010, replaced by two Eurocopter EC225 helicopters purchased as stop gaps until the NHI NH90 comes into service in 2011-12.^[3]^[4]

Iraq

Designated SA321H, a total of 16 Super Frelon were delivered from 1977 to the Iraqi air force with radar and Exocets. These aircraft were used in the Iran-Iraq conflict and the 1991 Gulf War, in which at least one example was destroyed.

Israel

Israeli Super Frelon at the Israeli Air Force Museum in Hatzerim

Israel ordered 12 helicopters in 1965 to provide the Israeli Air Force with a heavy lift transport capability. The first helicopter arrived on April 20, 1966, to inaugurate 114 Squadron operating out of Tel Nof. Four helicopters had arrived by start of the 1967 Six Day War, during which they flew 41 sorties. The helicopters saw extensive service during the War of Attrition, participating in such operations as Helem, Tarnegol 5 and Rhodes. ^[5]
The type was once again in service during the Yom Kippur War, following which Israel replaced the type's original Turbomeca Turmo engines with the 1,870shp General Electric T58-GE-T5D engines. The Super Frelons also took part the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in June 1982^[5] and were finally retired in 1991.

Libya

Six radar-equipped SA-321GM helicopters and eight SA321M SAR/transports were delivered to Libya in 1980-81.^[6]

South Africa

The SAAF ordered 16 Super Frelon helicopters. South African Air Force used them in counter insurgency fighting and in Angola. In 1990 the Super Frelons were withdrawn from service, and replaced by the Puma and later Oryx helicopters.
SAAF discovered Super Frelon performances were excellent at sea level, but the helicopter performances were worse than SAAF Pumas performances at high and dry places. During the bush war the helicopter proved its poor cargo carrying capacity, being outperformed by SA.330L Puma helicopters.^{[citation needed]}

Syria

Syria is believed to have purchased 21 Super Frelon helicopters, although it seems Syria never operated them. These helicopters may have been diverted to Iraq or Libya.

Variants

A Super Frelon taking off from the flight deck of the Clémenceau

A Super Frelon helicopter of the 32F wing, landing on the Ouragan

A South African Air Force SA 321L

SA 3200 Frelon: Prototype transport helicopter powered by three 597 kW) (800 hp) Turbomeca Turmo IIIB engines diving four bladed rotor of 15.2 m (50 ft) diameter. Two built, first flying 10 June 1958.^[7]
SA 321: Pre-production aircraft. Four built.
SA 321G: Anti-submarine warfare version for the French Navy, powered by three Turbomeca IIIC-6 turboshaft engines; 26 built.
SA 321Ga: Utility and assault transport helicopter for the French Navy.
SA 321GM: Export version for Libya, fitted with an Omera ORB-32WAS radar.
SA 321H: Export version for Iraq, powered by three Turbomeca Turmo IIIE turboshaft engines, fitted with an Omera ORB-31D search radar, and armed with Exocet anti-ship missiles.
SA 321F: Commercial airline helicopter, powered by three Turbomeca IIIC-3 turboshaft engines, accommodation for 34 to 37 passengers.
SA 321J: Commercial transport helicopter, accommodation for a 27 passengers.
SA 321Ja: Improved version of the SA.321J.
SA 321K: Military transport version for Israel.
SA 321L: Military transport version for South Africa, fitted with air inlet filters.
SA 321M: Search and rescue, utility transport helicopter for Libya.
Changhe Z-8: Chinese built version with three Changzhou Lan Xiang WZ6 turboshaft engines.
Changhe Z-8A: Army transport
Changhe Z-8F: Chinese built version with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6C-67B turboshaft engines

Operators

A Super Frelon helicopter of the 35F wing of the French Navy

Military Operators

People's Republic of China

People's Liberation Army
People's Liberation Army Air Force operates Jingdezhen (Z-8) variant.
People's Liberation Army Navy Air Force

France (retired 2010)

Iran

Iraq

Iraqi Air Force

Israel

Israeli Air Force

Libya

South Africa

South African Air Force

Zaire

Zairian Air Force - One helicopter only.

[edit] Civil operators

Greece

Olympic Airways - Former operator. One SA.321F helicopter was operated by Olympic Airways, it was used to ferry passengers between the Greek Islands. This aircraft, F-OCMF, named Hermes, was retired to The Helicopter Museum, Weston super Mare, UK

Norway

In popular culture

In Columbia Pictures' 1988 Soviet/Afghanistan War drama The Beast, the Super Frelon was used to represent Communist-bloc helicopters, being that no examples of Soviet aircraft were available for use due to the existence of the Iron Curtain, which would collapse 3 years later.

Specifications (Naval Super Frelon)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976-77 ^[8]

General characteristics

Crew: 5
Capacity:
- 27 passengers or
- 15 stretchers
Length: 23.03 m (75 ft 6⅝ in)
Rotor diameter: 18.90 m (62 ft 0 in)
Height: 6.66 m (21 ft 10¼ in)
Disc area: 280.6 m² (3,019 ft²)
Empty weight: 6,863 kg (15,130 lb)
Max. takeoff weight: 13,000 kg (28,660 lb)
Powerplant: 3 × Turboméca Turmo IIIC turboshafts, 1,171 kW (1,570 hp) each

Performance

Never exceed speed: 275 km/h (148 kn/170 mph)
Maximum speed: 249 km/h (135 kn/155 mph)
Range: 1,020 km (549 nmi/632 mi)
Service ceiling: 3,150 m (10,325 ft)
Rate of climb: 6.7 m/s (1,312 ft/min)
Endurance: 4 hr

Armament

Guns: 1× 20 mm (0.787 in) cannon
Missiles:
- 4× homing torpedoes in the ASW role or
- 2× Exocet missiles in the anti-ship role

AS332 Super Puma ( Heli )

3/02/2012 04:37:00 PM Moch Fikri Hidayat No comments

Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma

Jump to: navigation, search

AS332 Super Puma

An AS332 L2 from Hong Kong Government Flying Service (HKGFS) touches down on the USS Mobile Bay (CG-53)
Role	Medium Utility Helicopter
Manufacturer	Aérospatiale Eurocopter Indonesian Aerospace (under license)
First flight	13 September 1978
Status	Active
Primary user	CHC Helicopter
Unit cost	US$15.5 million, €12.5 million (2006)
Developed from	Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma
Variants	Eurocopter AS 532 Eurocopter EC225

The Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma is a four-bladed, twin-engine, medium-size utility helicopter marketed for both civil and military use. Originally designed and built by Aérospatiale, it is an enlarged and re-engined version of the original Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma. The Super Puma first flew on 13 September 1978.

Design and development

In 1974, Aérospatiale commenced development of a new medium transport helicopter based on its SA 330 Puma, announcing the project at the 1975 Paris Air Show. While the new design was of similar layout to the AS 330, it was powered by two of the new and more powerful Turbomeca Makila turboshaft engines powering a four-bladed composite main rotor, and was designed to be withstand damage better, with a more robust fuselage structure, a new crashworthy undercarriage and the ability to withstand battle damage to the rotor blades and other key mechanical systems.^[1] It was fitted with a ventral fin under the tail a more streamlined nose compared with the SA 330,^[2] while from the start was planned to be available with two fuselage lengths, with a short fuselage version offering similar capacity to the SA 330, which gives better performance in "hot and high" conditions and a stretched version allowing more passengers to be carried when weight is less critical.^[3]
A pre-production prototype, the SA 331, modified from a SA 330 airframe with Makila engines and a new gearbox, flew on 5 September 1977.^[4] The first prototype of the full Super Puma made its maiden flight on 13 September 1978, being followed by a further five prototypes.^[5]
The type has proved immensely successful, chosen by 37 military forces around the world, and some 1,000 civil operators.^{[citation needed]} The Super Puma has proved especially well-suited to the North Sea oil industry, where it is used to ferry personnel and equipment to and from oil platforms. In civilian configuration it can seat approximately 18 passengers and two crew, though since the early 2000s most oil companies have banned use of the middle-rear seat reducing effective capacity to 17+2. This down-rating is due to difficulties encountered in evacuating through the rear-most windows in crashes at sea.
A wide variety of specialised military variants are in use, including dedicated Search and rescue (SAR) and Anti-submarine warfare (ASW) versions. Since 1990, military Super Pumas have been marketed as the AS532 Cougar.

Operational history

VH-34

President Lula arrives at Brasília Air Force Base (BABR), on a Brazilian Air Force VH-34

The VH-34 is the Brazilian Air Force designation of the helicopter used to transport the President of Brazil. Two modified military versions of the Eurocopter Super Puma, tail numbers 8737 and 8740, are currently used as the main presidential helicopters. The aircraft is configured to carry fifteen passengers plus three crew members.^[6]

Variants

Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma (Defense Minister of France) at Paris Air Show 2007

AS332B Demonstrator on display at Paris Air Show 1981

A Eurocopter Super Puma of the Bundespolizei (German Federal Police)

A Swedish AS332 SAR

SA 331: Initial prototype, based on SA 330 airframe, first flew on 5 September 1977.^[5]

AS 332A - Commercial pre-production version.
AS 332B - Military version.
AS 332B1 - First military version.
AS 332C - Production civil version.
AS 332C1 - Search and rescue version, equipped with a search radar and six stretchers.
AS 332F - Military anti-submarine and anti-ship version.
AS 332F1 - Naval version.
AS 332L - Civil version with more powerful engines, a lengthened fuselage, a larger cabin space and a larger fuel tank.
AS 332L1 - Stretched civil version, with a long fuselage and an airline interior.
AS 332L2 Super Puma Mk 2 - Civil transport version, fitted with Spheriflex rotor head and EFIS.
AS 332M - Military version of the AS 332L.
AS 332M1 - Stretched military version.
NAS 332 - Licensed version built by IPTN, now Indonesian Aerospace (PT. Dirgantara Indonesia).
VH-34 - Brazilian Air Force designation for the two VIP configured Super pumas, serial numbers 8737 and 8740

Operators

Civilian

Australia

Bristow Helicopters Ltd - operates a fleet for North West Shelf hydrocarbon personnel transfer operations

Azerbaijan

2 AS 332L1's in service with Azerbaijan Airlines (AZAL) and used for offshore operations to ferry workers to and from Caspian Sea oil rigs, and to transport passengers.^[7]

Brazil

Used by Petrobras Oil

Germany

German Federal Police

Finland

Three aircraft in use with the Finnish Border Guard.^[8]

Norway

China

CITIC Offshore Helicopter (COHC)

Canada

Hong Kong

Government Flying Service - operates 3 AS332L2 for SAR operations and transport for Hong Kong Police

Iceland

Coast Guard

Japan

Malaysia

Malaysia Helicopter Services - chartered by PETRONAS for its upstream operations offshore the states of Terengganu and Sarawak.

South Korea

Several AS 332L1 used as VIP transport.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Morocco

Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie

United Kingdom

British Airways Helicopters (1983–1986)
Bristow Helicopters Ltd - operates a fleet of around 20 airframes for North Sea hydrocarbon personnel transfer operations
Bond Offshore Helicopters
CHC Scotia Helicopters

United States

Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (2011–Present) - Operates 3 Super Pumas primarily as the main rescue helicopters known as Air Rescue 5. Replaces their Sikorsky H-3 Sea Kings towards the middle of 2012.