Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma
| SA 330 Puma | |
|---|---|
 | |
| SA 330J Puma of the German Bundesgrenzschutz in 1985 | |
| Role | Utility helicopter |
| First flight | 15 April 1965 |
| Introduction | 1968 |
| Primary users | French Army Royal Air Force |
| Produced | 1968-1987 |
| Number built | 697 |
| Variants | IAR 330 Atlas Oryx |
| Developed into | Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma Denel AH-2 Rooivalk |
Development
The SA 330 Puma was originally developed by Sud Aviation to meet a requirement of the French Army for a medium-sized all-weather helicopter. The helicopter also had to be capable of operating by day and night as well as in a wide variety of climates.In 1967, the Puma was also selected by the Royal Air Force (RAF) and given the designation Puma HC Mk 1. As a result of this decision, the SA 330 was included in a joint production agreement between Aerospatiale and Westland Helicopters of the UK, which also resulted in the purchase of Aérospatiale Gazelle by the United Kingdom and the Westland Lynx by France. This resulted in Westland building components for the Puma, and assembling the RAF's Pumas.[1][2]
The first of two Puma prototypes flew on 15 April 1965. Six pre-production models were also built, the last of which flew on 30 July 1968. The first production SA 330 Puma flew in September 1968, with deliveries to the French Army starting in early 1969.[3]
Production of the SA 330 Puma by Aérospatiale ceased in 1987,[4] by which time a total of 697 had been sold. The Puma was then replaced by an upgraded and improved version, the Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma.
Operational history
United Kingdom
The first two Pumas for the Royal Air Force were delivered in January 1971 to RAF Odiham for training with the first operational squadron (33 Squadron) forming on 14 June 1971.Variants
Aérospatiale versions
- SA 330A
- Prototypes, originally called "Alouette IV".
- SA 330B
- Initial production version for the French Army Aviation. Powered by 884 kW (1,185 hp) Turbomeca Turmo IIIC4 engines. 132 purchased by France.[6]
- SA 330 Orchidée
- SA 330 modified to carry an Orchidée battlefiled surveillance radar system with a rotating underfuselage antenna, for the French Army. One demonstrator was built, flying in 1986. The Orchidée programme was cancelled in 1990, but the prototype rushed back into service in 1991 to serve in the Gulf War, leading to production of a similar system based on the Eurocopter Cougar.[7]
- SA 330C
- Initial export production version. Powered by 1,044 kW (1,400 hp) Turmo IVB engines.[8]
- SA 330E
- Version produced by Westland Helicopters for the RAF under the designation Puma HC Mk. 1.
- SA 330F
- Initial civilian export production version with Turbomeca Turmo IIIC4 turboshaft engines.[9]
- SA 330G
- Upgraded civilian version with 1175 kW (1,575 hp) Turbomeca Turmo IVC engines.[9]
- SA 330H
- Upgraded French Army and export version with Turbomeca IVC engines and composite main rotor blades. Designated SA 330Ba by the French Air Force. All surviving French Army SA 330Bs converted to this standard.[9]
- SA 330J
- Upgraded civil transport version with composite rotor blades and with higher maximum takeoff weight.[10]
- SA 330L
- Upgraded version for so-called "hot and high" conditions. Military equivalent to civil SA 330J.[10]
- SA 330S
- Upgraded SA 330L (themselves converted from SA 330C) version for the Portuguese Air Force.Powered by Turbomeca Makila engines.[10]
- SA 330Z
- Prototype with "fenestron" tail rotor.[11]
Versions by other manufacturers
- Atlas Aircraft Corporation Oryx
- This is a remanufactured and upgraded SA 330 Puma built for the South African Air Force.
- IPTN NAS 330J
- This is a version that was assembled by IPTN of Indonesia under the local designation NAS 330J and the Aerospatiale designation of SA 330J. Eleven units were produced.
- IAR 330
- This is a licence-built version of the SA 330 Puma manufactured by Industria Aeronautică Română of Romania. Designated as the SA 330L by Aerospatiale.
- IAR-330 Puma SOCAT
- 24 modified for antitank warfare.
- IAR-330 Puma Naval
- 3 modified for the Romanian Navy, using the SOCAT avionics.
- Westland Puma HC Mk 1
- This is the SA 330E version assembled by Westland Helicopters for the RAF and first flown on 25 November 1970. This is basically similar to the SA 330B used by France. The RAF placed an initial order for 40 Pumas in 1967, with a further eight attrition replacement aircraft in 1979.[12] 30 of these are planned to be upgraded to Puma HC Mk 2 standard, with new Turbomeca Makila engines, revised cockpit displays and new communications, navigation and defensive systems.[13][14]
Operators
Military operators
- Algerian Air Force - Former operator.
- Argentine Army – Former operator.
- Argentine Coast Guard
- Federal Police (Belgium) - Former operator
- Gendarmerie (Belgium) – Former operator
- Brazilian Air Force – Former operator.
- Cameroon Air Force operates 5.
- Chad Air Force – Former operator.
- Chilean Army
- Chilean Air Force – Former operator.
- Ecuadorian Air Force - Former operator.
- Ecuadorian Army
- Ethiopian Air Force – Former opeator
- Military of Guinea (1 helicopter)
- Irish Air Corps – Former operator.
- Iraqi Air Force – Former opeator.
- Kenya Air Force, 9 in service in 2009[15]
- Kuwait Air Force 62nd Sqd
Lebanon- Lebanese Air Force – 7 active, 3 ex-UAE TBD.[16] Additionally 7 SA330L are currently in storage.
Malawi
- Philippine Air Force – Former operator.
- Senegalese Air Force – Former operator.
- South African Air Force:
- On the 31 January 1972 the SAAF Puma became involved with operations in Namibia and Angola, remaining involved until 1988. This first deployment to the Eastern Caprivi led to the first member of the SAAF to be awarded the Honoris Crux, one of several to be awarded to Puma crews. The Puma was to be involved in normal trooping, rapid deployment during “follow up” operations, radio relay, evacuation of casualties, rescuing downed aircrew, insertion of Special Forces (Ops Backlash and Kodak etc.) and large scale cross border operations such as Savannah, Uric, Protea, Super, Moduler etc. The Puma also saw action in Rhodesia, Zambia, Botswana and Mozambique.
- 13 Pumas were deployed and played a critical roles in the rescue efforts during the sinking of the MTS Oceanos
- Military of Togo [17]- Former operator.
- Abu Dhabi Defence Forces Air Wing - Former operator.
- United Arab Emirates Air Force
- Royal Air Force – The RAF ordered 48 Puma HC Mk 1 and in addition received a single ex-Argentine SA 330J Used by Prefectura Naval Argentina captured in the Falklands War,[12] and six ex-South African SA 330L purchased in 2002.[18]
- Zairian Air Force – Former operator.
Civil operators
Helog KG – SA 330JStarlite Aviation – SA 330J
Presidential Airways – SA 330J
- Evergreen Aviation – SA 330J
Specifications (SA 330H Puma)
Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976-77 [19]
General characteristics- Crew: 3
- Capacity: 16 passengers
- Length: 18.15 m (59 ft 6½ in)
- Rotor diameter: 15.00 m (49 ft 2½ in)
- Height: 5.14 m (16 ft 10½ in)
- Disc area: 177.0 m² (1,905 ft²)
- Empty weight: 3,536 kg (7,795 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 7,000 kg (15,430 lb)
- Powerplant: 2× Turboméca Turmo IVC turboshafts, 1,175 kW (1,575 hp) each
- Never exceed speed: 273 km/h (147 knots, 169 mph)
- Maximum speed: 257 km/h (138 knots, 159 mph)
- Cruise speed: 248 km/h (134 knots, 154 mph) econ cruise
- Range: 580 km (313 nm, 360 mi)
- Service ceiling: 4,800 m (15,750 ft)
- Rate of climb: 7.1 m/s (1,400 ft/min)
- Guns:
- Coaxial 7.62 mm (0.30 in) machine guns
- Side-firing 20 mm (0.787 in) cannon
- Various others
0 Comment:
Posting Komentar